Shastadaisy are from composite family and it is as a part of ornamental flowers of spring and summer would plant in green spaces of cities and consumers’. Shastadaisy has capitule inflorescence the present research aims to study and review its genesis and comparison definition of ray and DISK flowers. It can be suitable pattern for several species of capitule inflorescence, floral buds of shadtadaisy flowers, different phases of originating, creation of after primitive studies with stereomicroscope, fixation with FAA. More observation of inflorescence and floret has been done by SEM microscopy. Results showed that procreative meristem, dimension of meristem and its dyeability are increased and meristem during originating to the floret morphological alternation from convex shape in to the flat one and then become dented at the location of central florets which can be raised from more rapid growth of marginal florets, their shape found, pressure in to the central floret meristem. This portioning can be resulted the controlling of cells dividing and cell growth in grooved regions and cells division continues in each floret meristim portion. In progress originating phase’s meristem of each bolted floret would start new portioning in margin of the inflorescence and different parts of each floret is included as stripes sepals, 5 stamens and bolted in receptacle part. three types of ray floret are included as hormapherodit-floret, pistil-floret and sterile florets which had been existed in scattered. Pistils have bifurcate stigma, the homogeneous cells’ style, alveolus ovary and inverted ovules, DISK florets originating from margine toward center and each meristem portion beginning of its floret parts formation. Pollengrains types are Tri-colporate. Originating of pollengrains in another is in-simultaneously beside one or two cells pollens. The second mitosis division is caused the formation of tri-cells pollens.

Male florets and pistillate flowers of cvs.Chandler and Hartley of Persian walnut were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.05 mg l-1 biotin, 0.5 mg l-1 folic acid, 100 mg l-1 glutamine and different concentrations of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Kinetin (KIN) and for pistillate flowers culture, these concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1). After four weeks, the percentage of callogenesis of male florets in cv. Chandler was more than cv. Hartley. In the sixth and tenth weeks, the rate of callogenesis of male florets was depended on cultivars, the ratio of NAA: KIN and interaction between them; so in the sixth week, the highest rate of callogenesis was obtained in the higher ratio of NAA: KIN. In the tenth week, the effect of cultivars was not significant and the highest rate of callogenes is of male florets was obtained in treatments 4 (2.5 mg l-1 NAA with 1.25 mg l-1 KIN), 5 (1.25 mg l-1 NAA with 1.25 mg l-1 KIN), 7 (2.5 mg l-1 NAA with 0.5 mg l-1 KIN) and 8 (1.25 mg l-1NAA with 0.5 mg l-1 KIN) of cv. Chandler. By culturing pistillate flowers on modified MS medium, nodular compact calli formed on the upper and lower part of flowers. During the next weeks, callogenesis occurred in sepals and leaflets of pistillate flowers and then stigmas and styles swelled and formed nodular calli. Similar to male florets, the rate of callogenesis in pistillate flowers depended on cultivars, the ratio of NAA: KIN and interaction between them.In the sixth and tenth weeks, the highest rate of callogenesis of cv. Chandler pistillate flowers was obtained in treatments including high or same concentrations of NAA: KIN. Callogenesis of pistillate flowers of cv. Hartley was achieved from different ratios of NAA: KIN. The lowest rate of callogenesis in the sixth and tenth weeks was obtained in the low concentrations of NAA and KIN. With increase of callogenesis in treatments 3 (0.5 mg l-1 NAA with 2 mg l-1 KIN), 6 (1 mg l-1 NAA with 1 mg l-1 KIN), 10 (1 mg l-1 NAA with 0.5 mg l-1 KIN), 11 (0.5 mg l-1 NAA with 0.5 mg l-1 KIN), 12 (0.25 mg l-1 NAA with 0.5 mg l-1 KIN), 14 (1 mg l-1 NAA with 0.25 mg l-1 KIN), 15 (0.5 mg l-1 NAA with 0.25 mg l-1 KIN) and 16 (0.25 mg l-1 NAA with 0.25 mg l-1 KIN) of cv. Chandler and treatments 9 (2 mg l-1 NAA with 0.5 mg l-1 KIN) and 11 (0.5 mg l-1 NAA with 0.5 mg l-1 KIN) of cv. Hartley, the tissues of pistillate flowers turned into masses of nodular calli similar to embryogenic ones.

Background and Aim: Although operation is the most appropriate treatment for Cauda Equina Syndrome, the effectiveness of operation on clinical symptoms is still under discussion. This study aimed to determine the prognosis of Cauda Equina Syndrome in patients with lumbar DISK surgery in Al-Zahra Hospital of Isfahan City, Iran, from 2013 to 2015.Methods and Materials/Patients: In This prospective study, patients diagnosed with Cauda Equina Syndrome who underwent operation in Al-Zahra Hospital of Isfahan from 2013 to 2015 were followed up for two years and the effect of the surgery on the improvement of their clinical symptoms was investigated.Results: In this study, 33 patients with Cauda Equina Syndrome were evaluated. About 24-month follow-up of patients showed muscle weakness improvement in 26 (78.8%) of them. Of all 19 patients with urinary dysfunction, 18 (94.7%) recovered. Six (33.3%) cases improved the day after surgery, 6 (33.3%) cases in one month, 4 (22.2%) cases in six months, and 2 (11.1%) cases within 24 months after the surgery. All 4 (100%) patients with bowl disorder also recovered during the study. One (25%) of them improved the day after operation, 1 (25%) one month after the operation and 2 (50%) within 24 months following the operation.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, operation of the lumbar DISKs leads to improvement of Cauda Equina Syndrome, including recovery of sphincter disorders and muscle weakness, but considering the limitations of our investigation (including a small sample size), further studies are recommended in this area.

Introduction: Lumbar DISK herniation (LDH) is one of the most common pathologies leading to radiculopathy. Open microdiscectomy is the gold standard of LDH treatment. However, minimally invasive techniques such as percutaneous laser DISK decompression (PLDD) are gaining growing attention. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent PLDD and compared them with those of a group of patients who underwent open microdiscectomy. Methods: Our report included patients diagnosed with protruded LDH with severe refractory pain for at least 6 to 8 weeks who underwent the interventions. Baseline outcome parameters were recorded before the procedures, and questionnaires were completed at two follow-up sessions. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). Additionally, patients were asked to complete the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) to report their quality of life. Finally, we used the Oswestry disability index (ODI) to obtain information about patients’ daily functional status. Results: A total of 165 patients were enrolled in the study. At the final follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in the VAS level between the groups. However, the differences between the two groups regarding the SF-36 and ODI were statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study report showed that both methods significantly improved the clinical outcomes of the patients with protruded DISK herniation.

In this paper, the application of passive vibrational linear absorber on the indirect reduction of blade vibrations using its mounted on the DISK-blade system is studied. The absorber receives the vibration energy of blade through a structural coupling of the DISK with blade and losses it by its linear damping. Due to cyclic symmetry, the analysis of the bladed DISK is reduced to the number of DOFs in a single sector. A cyclic transformation from physical to modal coordinates is used to perform this reduction. Natural frequencies and forced responses of the system are obtained by solving the characteristic and algebraic equations, respectively. The case study of a steam turbine includes 259 blades in 37 packets of 7 connected blades attached to the perimeter of the DISK. Cyclic symmetric finite element analysis at 3000rpm is used to extract the natural modes and frequency diagram of the system. A two DOFs reduced-order model is identified for modeling the frequency-veering region. This region has been formed between the first and second families of natural modes and there is a strong coupling between them in this region. In addition, this region is close to the system excitation line and the possibility of resonance exists. Therefore, some linear energy absorbers are mounted on the DISK for the indirect vibration reduction of blades. The initial optimal parameters were determined for the first and second modes using Den Hartog relations. These parameters reduced the system vibrations and they were used in subsequent optimization. The optimization has resulted in the improvement of absorber performance exclusively around the second mode, in compare with the tuned system by Den Hartog relations.